UC-NRLF 


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A  FEW 
SUGGESTIONS 

TO 

McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 


LIBRARY 
SOHOOL 


GIFT  OF 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/fewsuggestionstoOOmcgrrich 


A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO 
McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 


•     •      • 


A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO 
McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 


Details   of   Manuscript   Preparation, 

Typography,    Proof-reading    and 

Other  Matters  Involved  in 

the    Production    of 

Manuscripts  and 

Books 


< 


McGRAW-HILL  BOOK  COMPANY,  Inc. 

NEW  YORK:   370   SEVENTH  AVENUE 

LONDON:  6  &  8  BOUVERIE  ST.,  E.  C.  4 

1922 


LtBRART 
SCHOOk 


^ 


Copyright,  1922,  by  the 
McGraw-Hill  Book  Company,  Inc. 


•  p  •  •   «  • 


INTRODUCTION 


The  McGraw-Hill  Book  Company  was  formed  on  July  1, 
1909,  by  a  consolidation  of  the  book  departments  of  the  McGraw 
Publishing  Company  and  the  Hill  Publishing  Company,  then 
separate  publishers  of  engineering  journals  and  books.  For  over 
twenty  years,  prior  to  the  formation  of  the  McGraw-Hill  Book 
Company,  the  several  journals  controlled  by  Mr.  McGraw  and 
Mr.  Hill  (now  published  by  the  McGraw-Hill  Company,  Inc.,  a 
separate  organization)  had  been  producing  books  in  their  special 
fields;  but  the  publication  of  technical  books  had  not  been  brought 
to  the  high  standard  of  technical  journals. 

From  the  beginning  we  adopted  the  slogan.  Better  Books  in 
Text  and  Manufacture.  It  was  evident  to  the  men  who  had 
brought  the  leading  technical  journals  of  the  country  from  com- 
parative insignificance  to  positions  of  influence  that  there  was  need 
of  a  new  technical  literature — a  literature  for  classroom  and 
reference  which  should  adequately  supplement  their  periodicals. 

Our  first  efforts  were  largely  in  the  field  of  engineering,  but 
presently  we  set  new  goals  for  ourselves.  By  processes  which 
seemed  natural  to  us,  we  have  extended  our  publishing  not  only 
into  the  fields  of  chemistry,  physics,  mathematics  and  English, 
with  a  view  always  of  supplying  better  fundamental  textbooks 
for  students,  but  also  into  the  fields  of  agriculture,  business 
administration  and  economics.  Similarly  our  range  of  publishing 
has  broadened  from  the  somewhat  restricted  field  of  applied 
science,  to  include  numerous  works  of  high  standard  dealing  with 
pure  science. 

In  all  these  fields  the  aim  has  been,  not  only  to  produce  a 
better  grade  of  text  and  reference  book,  but  to  put  behind  each 
book  a  selling  organization  so  competent  that  the  maximum 
market,  both  in  this  country  and  abroad,  would  be  reached. 


5O60JJ 


VI  INTRODUCTION 

Without  this  the  possibiUty  of  persuading  important  men,  in  all 
branches  of  science,  to  produce  textbooks  seemed  futile,  for  the 
author's  return  must  always  be  in  proportion  to  the  distribution. 
The  association  with  the  journals  of  the  McGraw-Hill  Com- 
pany, which  we  represent  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  pro- 
duction of  books,  brings  us  into  close  contact  with  the  widest 
range  of  engineering  and  industrial  activities.  The  circulations 
of  these  journals  include  the  leading  engineers  and  executives 
of  the  world.     The  list  follows: 

American  Machinist 

Electric  Railway  Journal 

Electrical  World 

Engineering  and  Mining  Journal-Press 

Coal  Age 

Engineering  News-Record 

Power 

Chemical  and  Metallurgical  Engineering 

Electrical  Merchandising 

Industrial  Engineer 

Bus  Transportation 

Journal  of  Electricity 

Ingenieria  Internacional 

From  these  journals  we  draw  both  editorial  guidance  and 
marketing  power.  They  are  the  "  natural  resources  "  which  sim- 
plified the  problems  of  our  early  years  and  made  possible  our 
rapid  development  and  growth,  until  today,  by  the  application 
of  the  same  editorial  standards  and  marketing  methods,  in  broader 
fields,  we  are  able  to  offer  to  the  author  of  technical  books  a  highly 
developed  machinery  of  publication  and  distribution. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


PAGE 

I.  Uniformity  and  Standards 1 

II.  Preparing  the  Manuscript 3 

Typing — Numbering  the  Pages — Copy  for  Footnotes — Copy  for 
Illustrations — Subdividing  the  Text — Some  Details  of  Typography 
— BibUographies — Tables  of  Contents — Indexes — Some  Details  of 
Style — Copyright  Infringements — Shipping  the  Manuscript. 

III.  Illustrations 10 

Line  Drawings — Halftone  Illustrations — Wax  Cuts — In  General — 
The  Number  of  Illustrations. 

IV.  Manufacturing  the  Book 14 

Sample  Galleys — Galley  Proofs — Page  Proofs — Answering  Queries 
— Proof-reading — ^Author's  Corrections. 

V.  When  the  Book  Is  Published 19 

Marketing  a  Book — Corrections  and  Revisions — Translations — 
Prompt  Pubhcation. 


vu 


A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO 
McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 


I 

UNIFORMITY  AND  STANDARDS 

The  purpose  of  these  suggestions  is  fourfold : 

(1)  To  assist  our  authors  in  preparing  their  manuscripts 
and  in  understanding  the  general  process  of  publi- 
cation. 

(2)  To  lighten  the  burden  of  the  editors,  typesetters,  and 
proof-readers  in  securing  uniformity  and  adherence  to 
high  standards. 

(3)  To  avoid  complications  and  delays  and — worst  of  all — 
the  item  of  author's  corrections. 

(4)  To  obtain  a  standard  of  editorial  details  as  uniformly 
high  as  that  of  the  subject-matter  of  our  books. 

Let  it  be  understood,  first  of  all,  that  these  are  suggestions, 
not  rules.  Although  we  endeavor  to  maintain  high  standards, 
we  do  not  insist  upon  uniformity  of  style  or  consistency  through- 
out the  books  in  our  widely  diversified  list.  The  editor  of  a 
periodical  or  the  proceedings  of  a  society  properly  insists  upon 
uniformity,  generally  issues  a  style  sheet  to  guide  his  contributors, 
and  edits  all  manuscript  to  fixed  standards.  But  since  our  books 
cover  nearly  all  branches  of  science,  we  feel  that  absolute  uni- 
formity would  accomplish  no  good  purpose. 

Throughout  a  single  manuscript,  however,  in  details  of  punctua- 
tion, spelling,  abbreviation,  compounding  of  words,  side-  and 
center-headings,  notation,  bibliographic    references,  etc.,  we  do 

1 


2       'A  -F^w  suGdns'rmNS  to  mcGraw-hill  authors 

ask  for  ■  tke '  'a'dbptioti  6f  'a  conservative,  well-recognized  stand- 
ard. Even  uniformity  throughout  a  manuscript  seems,  curiously 
enough,  most  difficult  to  secure,  although  the  lack  of  it  leads 
to  misunderstandings,  delays  and  author's  corrections,  with  their 
attendant  avoidable  expenses. 

We  have  used  the  phrase  "  conservative,  well-recognized 
standard  "  advisedly.  Departure  from  such  standards,  either  in 
spelling,  punctuation,  systems  of  notation  or  otherwise,  is  not 
advisable,  for  whatever  convictions  the  author  and  the  publisher 
may  have  it  is  quite  certain  that  the  majority  of  the  readers  of  any 
given  book  will  be  conservative  and  more  often  annoyed  than 
otherwise  by  any  radical  departures  from  common  practice. 

Without  reference  to  our  own  views  on  simplified  spelling,  for 
example,  we  are  confident  that  the  radical  simplified  speller  is 
neither  surprised  nor  disturbed  to  find  in  a  book  what  he  would 
term  old-fashioned  spelling.  The  conservative  speller,  on  the 
other  hand,  is  shocked  even  at  tho  and  thruy  and  the  book  suffers 
accordingly.  Nevertheless,  we  have  no  quarrel  with  sulfur  in  our 
manuscripts  on  chemical  subjects,  or  with  any  other  spelling 
which  has  been  approved  officially  by  the  leading  technical 
society  in  the  particular  field  of  the  manuscript. 

To  secure  consistency  in  details  throughout  his  manuscript  it  is 
best  for  an  author  to  adopt  as  his  guides,  at  the  very  beginning  of 
his  work,  some  standard  unabridged  dictionary  and  an  authorita- 
tive writer's  manual,  and  to  stick  to  these  alone  until  his  book  is  on 
the  market.  By  this  method  he  will  give  his  book  not  only  a  high 
standard  but  uniformity  in  details. 


II 

PREPARING  THE  MANUSCRIPT 

The  first  requisite  of  good  manuscript  is  obviously  legibility. 
To  this  end  we  suggest  the  following : 

Typing. — Manuscript  should  be  typewritten  in  black  on  one 
side  of  white  paper,  uniform  in  size  and  preferably  8^X11  inches. 
A  paper  of  reasonable  thickness  and  toughness  is  desirable.-  Thin, 
"  manifold  "  paper  should  not  be  used  for  the  publisher's  copy. 

The  same  spacing  should  be  used  as  far  as  practicable  on  each 
sheet  to  facilitate  estimates  as  to  the  number  of  words  in  the 
complete  manuscript.  A  margin  of  at  least  an  inch  should  be  left 
at  top,  bottom,  and  left-hand  side.  Single  spacing  should  be 
avoided. 

A  carbon  copy  should  invariably  be  made  and  retained  by  the 
author,  both  for  his  reference  and  to  protect  him  against  possible 
loss  of  the  original.  The  original  or  ribbon  copy  should  be  sent 
to  the  publisher. 

Numbering  the  Pages. — Sheets  should  be  numbered  con- 
secutively in  the  upper  right-hand  corner  from  beginning  to  end 
and  arranged  in  order  of  their  numbers.  Interpolated  pages  may 
be  marked  36a,  26b,  and  so  forth,  in  accordance  with  the  number 
of  the  preceding  page.  If  any  pages  are  removed  from  the  manu- 
script for  any  reason,  the  preceding  page  should  be  double  num- 
bered, as,  for  example:  36  &  7  or  36-40. 

Copy  for  Footnotes. — Footnotes,  if  used,  should  be  put  into 
the  body  of  the  manuscript  immediately  following  the  reference 
and  separated  from  the  text  by  parallel  lines  above  and  below. 
The  number  referring  to  the  footnote  should  be  placed  in  the  text 
and  before  the  footnote.  Generally  speaking,  we  prefer  the  use  of 
arable  numerals  for  footnotes.^  which  should  be  carried  out  con- 

1  This  footnote  is  to  show  the  size  of  type  (8  point)  which  we  generally 
use  for  footnotes.  Incidentally  this  booklet  is  set  up  in  10  point,  and  in  the 
general  typographical  style  of  our  reference  and  textbooks,  as  distinguished 
from  handbooks.  The  dimensions  of  the  type  page  and  the  trimmed  size  of 
the  page  are  those  we  usually  adopt  for  the  standard  6 X 9-inch  book. 

3 


4  A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO  McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 

secutively  through  each  chapter,  when  the  footnotes  are  numerous, 
with  a  new  series  for  each  chapter.  In  cases  where  footnotes  are 
relatively  few,  the  numerals  may  be  repeated  without  risk  of  con- 
fusion from  page  to  page  as  the  footnotes  occur. 

Copy  for  Illustrations. — Drawings  and  photographs,  which  are 
discussed  more  fully  later,  should  not  be  inserted  in  the  manuscript, 
because  illustrations  are  sent  to  the  engraver  at  the  same  time 
that  the  manuscript  is  sent  to  the  printer.  Small  drawings  should 
be  pasted  on  separate  sheets  of  paper,  one  drawing  to  the  sheet, 
but  large  drawings  and  photographs  should  not  be  treated  in  this 
manner.  Mounted  photographs  are  entirely  satisfactory,  but  un- 
mounted photographs  should  not  be  pasted  on  sheets  or  mounted, 
except  by  an  expert.  All  illustrations  should  be  referred  to  by 
figure  numbers  in  the  text  and  numbered  correspondingly  for  identi- 
fication on  the  copy.  We  prefer  to  have  illustrations  numbered 
consecutively  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  the  manuscript. 

Subdividing  the  Text. — In  modern  textbooks  and  scientific 
works  the  tendency  is  toward  clearly  marked  subdivisions  of  the 
text.  To  this  end  center-headings,  side-headings,  and  subheadings 
are  constantly  used.  It  is  in  general  advisable  that  all  manu- 
scripts be  prepared  in  this  way.  As  far  as  is  possible  the  divisions 
should  be  of  reasonable  length  in  order  that  the  text  may  be 
broken  up  sharply  into  its  subdivisions.  In  the  case  of  textbooks 
intended  for  classroom  use,  we  find  that  teachers  generally  prefer 
divisions  of  approximately  equal  size  and  not  over  a  page  in  length. 
Where  the  division  is  longer  than  a  page,  subdivisions  with  side- 
headings  in  italics  may  be  used. 

Bold-face  headings  may  be  indicated  in  the. manuscript  either 
by  the  letters  b.  f.  or  by  underlining  with  a  wavy  line.  Itahcs 
may  be  indicated  by  underlining  with  a  straight  line.  If  bold- 
face capitals  are  required,  mark  b.  f.  caps. 

In  the  designation  of  headings  and  subheadings  particular  care 
should  be  taken  to  follow  a  consistent  and  easily  understood  plan. 

Some  of  our  editors  strongly  recommend  that  every  chapter 
should  begin  with  an  uncaptioned  introductory  paragraph  to 
avoid  the  bald-headed  appearance  that  results  if  a  chapter  begins 
immediately  with  a  bold-face  caption. 

If  a  text  is  designed  for  one  of  the  numerous  series  which  we 
publish,  the  author  should  consult  the  editor  of  the  series  for  his 
preference  in  this  and  similar  matters. 


PREPARING  THE  MANUSCRIPT  5 

Some  Details  of  Typography. — For  classroom  use  the  majority 
of  teachers  seem  to  prefer  to  have  the  side-headings  numbered 
consecutively  throughout  the  book. 

Tables  and  illustrations  should  be  numbered  consecutively 
throughout  the  book  but  in  separate  series.  Tables  should  have 
an  appropriate  caption  above,  and,  generally  speaking,  illustra- 
tions should  have  a  descriptive  legend  below.  Tables  should  be 
arranged,  if  possible,  so  that  they  can  be  printed  across  the  page. 

When  equations  and  formulas  are  numerous,  and  especially  in 
books  designed  for  classroom  use,  it  is  often  advantageous  to 
number  them  consecutively  throughout  the  text. 

Eor  chapters  and  tables  roman  numerals  should  be  used;  for 
all  other  series,  arabic. 

Excerpts  from  the  works  of  other  authors  (when  they  are  more 
than  a  phrase  or  sentence),  problems,  examples  and  test  questions 
are  generally  set  in  smaller  type  than  the  body  of  the  text  itself. 
Accordingly  they  should  be  clearly  marked. 

Bibliographies. — Bibhographic  references  by  footnotes  serve  in 
most  books.  Bibhographies  of  greater  extent  should  be  arranged 
alphabetically  at  the  end  of  each  chapter  of  the  book,  or  numbered 
serially  and  referred  to  by  numbers  in  the  text.  The  custom  is  to 
print  the  titles  of  books  in  roman  and  the  titles  of  periodicals  in 
italics.  Abbreviations  should  conform  to  the  well-estabhshed 
style  sheets  of  technical  societies.  We  recommend  particularly 
the  abbreviations  of: 

Issued  by   the  American   Society  of 
Engineering  Index  -|       Mechanical  Engineers,  29  West  39th 

Street,  New  York. 

Issued    by    the    American    Chemical 
Chemical  Abstracts  \       Society,    1709    G    Street,    N.    W., 

Washington,  D.  C. 


Botanical  Abstracts 


Issued  by  the  Board  of  Control  of 
Botanical  Abstracts,  Dr.  Donald 
Reddick,  Business  Manager,  Cornell 
University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


The  Zoological  Record 


Issued  by   the  Zoological   Society  of 
London,  Regent's  Park,  London. 


{ 

The    International   Catalogue    (  Issued    by    the    Royal     Society    of 
OF  Scientific  LiTERATyn^  \     LondQU. 


6  A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO  McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 

The  extent  of  the  bibhography  will  vary,  of  course,  with  the 
nature  of  the  subject  and  the  treatment.  The  tendency  to-day 
appears  to  be  toward  rather  excessive  bibliographies,  which 
do  not  seem  to  us  generally  to  be  justified.  For  a  simple 
rule,  we  recommend  '*  bibliographies  of  easily  accessible 
sources." 

Tables  of  Contents. — Detailed  tables  of  contents  to  run  in  the 
front  of  the  book  serve  a  useful  purpose.  They  should,  however, 
be  kept  down  to  reasonable  limits. 

There  are  three  forms  of  contents  used  in  our  books: 

(1)  A  simple  list  of  chapter  headings.  In  many  cases  this 
is  sufficient. 

(2)  Chapter  headings  with  all  articles  or  sub-headings 
given  underneath.  These  may  either  be  fisted  or  ''  run 
in.*'  With  a  good  index,  such  a  full  table  of  contents 
seems  hardly  to  serve  a  useful  purpose. 

(3)  The  chapter  headings  with  the  outstanding  sub- 
headings fisted  or  "  run  in  "  underneath.  When  these 
headings  are  selected  carefully  they  give  a  quick  but 
comprehensive  picture  of  the  contents. 

Lists  of  illustrations  are  nowadays  generally  regarded  as 
unnecessary  in  a  technical  book,  and  should  be  prepared  only  for 
the  guidance  of  the  author  and  the  publisher. 

Indexes. — A  good  subject  index  is  necessary  in  all  technical 
works.  A  widely-read  periodical  in  New  York  at  one  time  pub- 
lished regularly  the  following  notice  of  subject  books  which  were 
submitted  to  it  for  review  and  found  to  be  without  indexes : 

The  publisher  and  the  author  did  not  think  well  enough  of  this  book  to 
supply  it  with  a  suitable  index.  We  feel,  therefore,  that  it  is  hardly  worthy 
of  a  review  in  our  columns. 

A  good  index  is  one  which  enables  the  reader  or  student  to  locate 
readily  the  subject  or  item  which  he  seeks.  It  is  usuaUy  best 
for  an  author  to  make  his  own  index.  A  professional  indexer  is 
inclined  to  overload  an  index;  the  author,  with  his  knowledge  of 
the  subject  and  a  little  study,  will  generally  produce  a  better 
working  index. 


PREPARING  THE  MANUSCRIPT  7 

Our  usual  style  of  index  is  two  columns  to  the  page,  set  in 
8-point  type,  with  not  more  than  two  indentions.  The  following 
example  shows  the  use  of  the  single  and  double  indentions: 

INDEX 

A  B 

Acetylene  starters,  263  Battery,  effect  of  overcharging,  245 

Air  cooling,  125  overfilling,  257 

valve,  425  undercharging,  245 

auxiliary,  72  freezing  temperature  of,  250 

dashpot,  74  ignition  systems,  159 

Alcohol,  heating  value,  70  care  of,  186 

use  in  radiator,  128  timing,  185 

Alignment  of  wheels,  421  jars  and  covers,  242 

Alternating  current  generator,  simple,  markings,  244 

280  necessity  of  pure  water  in,  247 

Ammeter,  method  of  connecting,  133  operation  of,  245 

operation  of,  337  rundown,  causes,  260 

Ampere,  definition  of,  132  sediment,  260 

Anti-friction  bearings,  364  specific  gravity,  change  in,  247 

Armature  type  magneto,  191  sulphation,  256 

Arm,  torque,  400  testing  with  hydrometer,  247,  248 

Atwater-Kent  ignition  systems,  163,              with  voltmeter,  255 

167  voltage,  244 

Serious  objection  is  properly  made  to  numerous  page  references 
under  a  single  heading.  For  example,  in  a  book  on  Petroleum, 
references  to  every  page  on  which  the  word  petroleum  appears 
would  obviously  be  valueless.  The  solution  lies  in  concise  quali- 
fications of  the  main  titles  to  reduce  to  the  minimum  the  actual 
number  of  page  references  opposite  each  heading. 

In  the  preparation  of  an  index  the  use  of  3  X  5-inch  cards,  or 
paper  of  sufficient  weight  to  be  handled  easily  and  of  similar 
dimensions,  is  advisable.  This  enables  the  author  to  arrange  his 
subject  matter  alphabetically  and  assemble  his  duplicate  references 
easily.  The  single  and  double  indentions  should  be  marked  on 
these  cards,  and  the  guide  words  stricken  out  when  indentions  are 
indicated.  Fpr  single  indentions  use  this  mark  Q.  For  double 
indentions  use  []  Q.  If,  after  the  cards  are  so  arranged  and 
marked,  it  is  possible  for  the  author  to  have  the  index  typewritten 
in  manuscript  form,  the  risk  of  mixing  and  loss  of  cards  is  mini- 
mized and  the  work  of  the  printer  is  faciUtated. 


8  A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO  McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 

Some  Details  of  Style. — Because  we  do  not  seek  uniformity 
throughout  our  entire  hst  of  books  but  ask  only  for  uniformity 
within  a  manuscript  itself,  with  adherence  to  any  conservative  and 
well-recognized  standard,  we  do  not  issue  a  style  sheet. 

The  periodicals  with  which  we  are  associated  (the  publications 
of  the  McGraw-Hill  Company,  Inc.,  Tenth  Avenue  and  36th 
Street,  New  York)  have  a  sheet  which  is  excellent,  and  which 
may  well  serve  as  a  guide  to  the  author  who  is  undertaking  the 
preparation  of  a  manuscript.  Or  the  author  may  use  as  his  guide 
any  good  writer's  manual.  At  the  risk  of  monotonous  repetition, 
however,  we  urge  once  more  the  importance  of  uniformity  through- 
out the  manuscript  itself.    To  this  end,  we  suggest  the  following: 

Spelling. — Follow  any  one  of  the  standard  and  well-recognized 
dictionaries,  but  follow  it  consistently.  We  encounter  difficulties 
especially  in  the  matter  of  hyphenated  words;  in  using  hyphens 
follow  the  dictionary. 

Abbreviations. — Again,  any  well-recognized  standard  will  sat- 
isfy us.  Dictionaries  do  not,  in  general,  cover  the  abbreviations 
of  scientific  words  to  a  satisfactory  extent.  We  would  suggest, 
therefore,  that  the  author  secure  the  style  sheet  of  one  of  the 
leading  technical  societies  in  the  field  in  which  he  works. 

For  Chemistry American  Chemical  Society 

For  Civil  Engineering American  Society  of  Civil 

Engineers 

For  Electrical  Engineering .  .  .  American  Institute  of  Elec- 
trical Engineers 

For  Mechanical  Engineering . .  American    Society    of 

Mechanical  Engineers 

For  Mining  and  Metallurgy .  .  American  Institute  of  Min- 
ing and  Metallurgical  En- 
gineers 

For  Economics  and  Business .  .  American  Economic  Asso- 
ciation 

All  of  these  technical  societies  have  not  only  worked  out  their 
style  sheets  with  care,  but  they  have,  in  general,  accustomed  their 
numerous  members  to  the  details  of  these  style  sheets. 

Copyright  Infringements. — All  publishers  have  noted  in  recent 
years  a  great  increase  in  the  number  of  copyright  infringement 


PREPARING  THE  MANUSCRIPT  9 

cases.  Many  of  these  appear  to  spring  from  the  habit  of  first 
preparing  lecture  notes,  which  are  compiled  or  dictated  from 
various  sources  without  thought  of  publication.  By  the  time  the 
plan  to  produce  a  book  matures,  the  source  of  the  original  material 
is  often  entirely  forgotten. 

No  question  is  more  common  in  the  technical  publishing  field 
than  "How  far  can  I  make  excerpts,  with  credit  but  without 
permission,  from  the  writings  of  other  authors?" 

To  this  question  no  definite  and  entirely  satisfactory  answer 
can  be  given.  Certainly,  where  illustrations,  tables,  or  important 
abstracts  are  to  be  made,  the  author  should  ask  permission  of  the 
publisher  or  author  from  whose  work  he  wishes  to  quote.  In 
addition  he  should  take  special  pains  to  see  that  full  credit  is 
given  in  the  form  required  by  the  author  or  publisher  from  whom 
he  has  secured  permission. 

The  copyright  law  and  the  penalties  for  infringement  of  copy- 
right are  drastic,  but  the  decisions  which  have  been  rendered  in 
cases  that  have  gone  to  trial  do  not  furnish  any  particularly  safe 
guide. 

In  our  experience  the  safest  guide  is  a  simple  rule  of  courtesy. 
Neither  the  author  nor  the  publisher  of  a  work  will  refuse  any 
reasonable  request,  though  he  may  greatly  resent  borrowing 
without  the  courtesy  of  a  request.  It  is  safer,  therefore,  to  obtain 
permission  from  author  or  publisher  before  borrowing  from  another 
work. 

Shipping  the  Manuscript. — Manuscript  should  invariably  be 
shipped  flat,  not  folded  or  rolled. 

Manuscript  and  drawings  should  be  sent  together  and  not  in 
instalments.  Except  in  rare  instances,  we  do  not  undertake 
piecemeal  manufacture  of  a  book.  In  our  experience  such  publi- 
cation methods  save  little  or  no  time  and  more  often  result  in 
confusion  and  expense. 

Manuscript,  before  it  has  been  set  up  in  type,  should  be  shipped 
by  express  with  a  suitable  valuation  placed  thereon.  After  the 
manuscript  has  been  set  up  in  type,  the  manuscript  and  proof  may 
best  be  sent  by  parcel  post,  special  delivery. 


Ill 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

In  technical  work  such  as  ours  the  illustrations  are  of  two 
classes:  (1)  line  drawings;  (2)  photographic  or  halftone  illus- 
trations. 

Line  Drawings. — Copy  for  line  drawings  should  be  made  two 
to  three  times  the  dimensions  of  the  completed  illustration.  The 
weight  of  line,  and  especially  the  lettering,  should  be  carefully 
worked  out  to  give  desired  results.  The  following  illustrations, 
taken  from  "  Engineering  Drawing,"  by  Thomas  E.  French,  will 
serve  as  a  guide  to  the  draftsman  preparing  these  illustrations. 
We  suggest,  however,  that  when  the  completed  copy  for  a  few 
characteristic  illustrations  is  ready,  the  author  send  the  samples 
to  us  in  order  that  we  may  determine  their  suitability  or  even,  if 
desirable,  reproduce  the  samples  in  order  that  the  author  may 
examine  the  results  with  us.  When  difficulty  is  encountered  in 
securing  suitable  lettering,  which  will  give  a  finished  appearance 
to  the  illustrations,  we  are  willing  to  accept  the  drawings  with  the 
lettering  penciled  in.  We,  in  turn,  engage  draftsmen,  who  are 
experienced  in  lettering  for  reproduction,  to  finish  the  work.  As 
this  often  leads  to  errors,  however,  we  prefer  the  completed  draw- 
ings ready  for  reproduction. 

Line  drawings  from  periodicals,  catalogues  and  other  publica- 
tions can  be  reproduced  direct  without  material  reduction  in  size, 
when  the  copy  is  suitable  for  the  book,  and,  of  course,  when  per- 
mission to  reproduce  has  been  secured  by  the  author. 

Halftone  Illustrations. — Halftone  illustrations  can  be  made 
satisfactorily  only  from  photographs  or  wash  drawings.  Photo- 
graphs on  a  high-finish  or  glossy  paper  produce  the  best  results. 
We  cannot  produce  good  results  by  making  a  halftone  from  a 
halftone  print.  A  halftone  engraving  is  photographed  through 
^  screen,  and  when  we  undertake  to  reproduce  a  halftone  from 

10 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


11 


a  halftone  print  we  throw  one  screen  upon  the  other.  In  rare 
cases  passable  results  can  be  obtained  in  this  way,  but  such  copy- 
should  be  used  most  sparingly. 


C9/r>6/y^^ 


/L//7^- 


Drawing  for  one-half  reduction. 


One-half  reduction. 


If  photographs  are  unmounted,  they  should  not  be  mounted 
or  pasted  on  sheets  of  paper.  Smoothly  mounted  photographs 
present  no  difficulties  to  the  engraver. 


12        A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO  McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 


Numbers,  letters  or  marks  should  not  be  placed  on  the  face 
of  photographic  prints  or  wash  drawings.  If  numbers  or  letters 
are  called  for,  they  should  be  indicated  in  pencil  at  the  proper 
point  on  the  back  of  unmounted  prints.  This  can  be  done  easily 
by  holding  the  print  against  a  window  facing  a  strong  hght.     In 


Oc/C7/z/ 77/?7Jt?^/^    P(7C/f//7^  B/(PCK 


Sfr/h^er- 


5M7yBn7C//7^ 

Drawing  for  two-thirds  reduction. 


Two-thirds  reduction. 


the  case  of  mounted  photographs,  a  fly  leaf  of  thin  paper  pasted 
on  the  back  of  the  photograph  at  the  top  and  folded  over  the  face 
of  the  photograph,  can  be  used  for  the  numbers  or  letters  In  both 
cases  the  engraver  adds  the  numbers  or  letters  on  the  print  in  the 
manner  best  suited  to  reproduction. 

Manufacturers'  cuts  can  sometimes  be  used  when  the  nature 
of  the  text  calls  for  them.  If  possible  the  manufacturer  should 
be  asked  to  supply  the  original  photograph  or  drawing.     If  this  is 


ILLUSTRATIONS  13 

not  available,  then  the  original  cut — not  an  electrotype — should 
be  secured.  Electrotypes  can  often  be  used,  but  the  results  are 
not  of  the  standard  which  we  like  to  maintain. 

Wax  Cuts. — Formerly  many  textbooks  were  illustrated  by 
engravings  made  by  the  wax  process.  This  is  the  process  ordinar- 
ily used  for  the  production  of  maps.  The  cost  of  these  engravings 
has  risen,  however,  to  a  point  which  makes  them  now  practically 
out  of  the  question  for  the  average  book.  They  may  be  used  in 
special  cases.  Their  chief  advantage  is  that  they  can  be  made 
from  rough  pen  or  pencil  sketches  and  do  not  call  either  for  finished 
lines  or  careful  lettering. 

In  General. — Wherever  possible  illustrations  to  occupy  a  full 
page  should  stand  vertically  on  the  page.  This  is,  we  think,  obvi- 
ously more  satisfactory  to  the  user  of  the  book. 

Folded  plates  and  charts  should  be  avoided  as  far  as  possible, 
not  only  because  they  involve  an  unreasonable  expense,  but 
because  American  readers,  at  least,  do  not  like  them.  Further- 
more any  considerable  number  of  inserted  charts  weakens  the 
binding  of  the  book. 

Color  plates  and  maps  in  color  are  prohibitively  expensive  for 
most  technical  books,  but  systems  of  shading  and  cross-hatching 
can  be  employed  as  a  substitute  for  colors  in  many  forms  of  illus- 
tration. 

The  Number  of  Illustrations. — The  cost  of  engravings  of  all 
types  has  risen  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  costs  of  other  details 
of  book  manufacture,  and  there  is  no  present  prospect  of  a 
reduction  in  the  scale  of  prices.  This  proves  to  be  especially 
burdensome  to  the  publishers  of  technical  and  scientific  books 
where  the  texts  generally  contain  a  large  number  of  illustrations. 
Accordingly  we  ask  authors  to  consider  carefully  the  possibilities 
of  reducing  the  number  of  illustrations.  In  books  of  the  character 
of  ours  illustrations  are  essential,  and  wherever  they  aid  the  reader 
in  grasping  the  subject  or  are  essential  to  the  understanding  of  the 
subject,  they  cannot  be  eliminated.  But  we  do  not  believe  in 
illustrations  that  are  merely  "  pictures  "  and  are  not  essential 
to  the  understanding  of  the  text.  Wherever  they  can  be  dis- 
pensed with,  without  injury  to  the  text,  they  should  be  ehminated 
in  order  that  the  retail  price  of  the  book  may  be  kept  within 
reasonable  limits. 


IV 
MANUFACTURING  THE  BOOK 

Sample  Galleys. — When  the  manuscript  has  been  prepared 
in  our  offices  for  the  printer,  and  the  time  has  come  to  undertake 
the  manufacture  of  the  book,  we  ask  the  printer,  first,  to  set  a  few 
pages  of  the  manuscript  and  submit  them  to  us  in  galley  proofs. 
These  are  in  turn  submitted  to  the  author  in  order  that  he  may 
study  the  typography  and  inform  us  if  we  have  in  any  way  misun- 
derstood his  manuscript  and  the  marks  on  it.  This  step  is,  of 
course,  dispensed  with  if  a  definite  agreement  has  been  reached 
in  advance  as  to  the  typographical  details  of  the  book. 

When  the  author  has  looked  over  these  first  galleys,  not  with 
the  idea  of  proof-reading  but  of  determining  upon  the  style,  we 
instruct  the  printer  to  proceed  with  the  typesetting. 

Galley  Proofs. — These  proofs  in  duplicate  (one  set  is  for  the 
author's  files)  are  first  submitted  to  the  author,  and  accompanying 
these  is  a  cut  dummy  which  shows  the  illustrations  reproduced 
as  they  will  appear  in  the  book. 

Galley  proofs  should  be  read  with  extreme  care,  and  wherever 
possible  the  author  should  call  in  some  associate  or  assistant  to 
read  them  as  well,  for  it  is  our  experience  that  the  author  who  has 
spent  a  great  deal  of  time  in  the  preparation  of  a  manuscript  often 
reads  with  his  memory  rather  than  his  eyes  and  passes  the  most 
obvious  errors. 

When  the  author  returns  the  galleys  with  his  corrections  marked 
thereon,  he  should  at  the  same  time  return  the  original  manu- 
script. At  this  time  also  figure  numbers  and  captions  should  be 
added  to  the  illustrations,  and  an  indication  should  be  made  by 
number  in  the  margin  of  the  galleys  of  the  approximate  location 
of  the  illustrations. 

Illustrations  are  inserted  in  the  pages  by  the  printer  as  near 
the  point  of  reference  as  the  limitations  of  make-up  will  permit. 

14 


MANUFACTURING  THE  BOOK  15 

If,  as  happens  in  rare  cases,  an  illustration  must  be  inserted  in 
a  given  paragraph,  this  should  be  clearly  indicated  on  the  galley 
proof. 

Page  Proofs. — The  printer  then  proceeds  to  make  the  book  up 
into  pages,  and  duplicate  page  proofs  are  forwarded  to  the  author. 
These  again  should  be  read  carefully  to  make  sure  that  all  correc- 
tions which  were  indicated  in  the  galleys  have  been  properly  made, 
and  returned  to  us  for  final  casting  into  plates.  Changes,  and 
additions  other  than  typographical  corrections,  which  involve  the 
overrunning  and  rearranging  of  lines  or  pages,  often  mean  the 
remake-up  of  many  pages  of  type  and  an  expense  that  is  usually 
out  of  all  proportion  to  the  good  accomplished.  Corrections  and 
changes  should,  therefore,  always  be  made  in  the  galley  proofs, 
to  avoid  the  difficult  question  of  author's  corrections,  which  is 
discussed  on  page  18. 

The  duplicate  set  of  page  proofs  should  be  retained  by  the 
author  for  use  in  preparing  his  index,  in  order  that  the  copy  for 
the  index  may  be  forwarded  as  soon  after  the  final  shipment  of 
page  proofs  as  possible. 

Answering  Queries. — Frequently  the  proof-readers  query 
certain  points  in  the  manuscript  on  the  galley  or  page  proofs.  It 
is  important  that  the  author  note  these  queries  in  all  cases  and 
indicate  his  decision  regarding  the  questions  so  raised. 

Proof-reading. — In  technical  books  especially,  good  proof- 
reading is  essential.  We  use  every  effort  to  submit  proofs  which 
follow  closely  the  original  copy,  but  the  experienced  author  knows 
that  he  himself  cannot  exercise  too  much  care  in  proof-reading. 
The  amount  of  damage  which  has  been  done  to  the  reputation 
and  sales  of  many  otherwise  excellent  technical  books,  by  careless- 
ness in  proof-reading,  would  astound  the  inexperienced  author. 

One  set  of  galley  and  one  set  of  page  proofs  which  the  author 
receives  are  marked  with  the  printer's  corrections,  generally  in 
green  or  red  ink.  The  set  containing  the  printer's  marks  should 
be  returned  with  the  author's  corrections  added.  The  dupli- 
cate set  the  author  should  keep  for  his  own  files. 

For  the  guidance  of  those  who  are  inexperienced  in  proof- 
reading, we  give  herewith  a  reproduction  of  a  sheet  showing  the 
ordinary  proof-reading  marks.  It  is  helpful  if  the  author  follows 
this  general  system  in  marking  his  proofs.  It  is  essential  that  the 
corrections  be  clearly  marked. 


16        A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO  McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 

PROOFREADER'S  MARKS 

A   Insert  the  letter,  word  or  punctuation  mark  indicated. 
Q  Insert  or  substitute  a  period  at  the  place  indicated. 
(^   Insert  an  apostrophe. 
^Uj  ^  Insert  quotation  marks. 
f^j  Insert  a  hyphen. 

jajt    Make  a  space  at  the  point  indicated. 
!^     Close  up  or  join  separated  letters  or  words. 
^     Delete  or  take  out. 
jP  ^     Change  from  capital  to  small  letter. 
,^^»    Change  to  capital  letter. 
^ ,  ^      Change  to  small  caps. 
iJtoJL   Change  to  italics. 
A/tiyrt,,   Change  to  roman  type. 
^L     Wrong  font  letter. 
^        Transpose. 
p-q__^  Words  or  letters  inclosed  by  line  should  change  places. 

<J&         Paragraph  here. 
^  ^    No  paragraph  here. 
/(Clt  <^. . . .  Restore  word  or  sentence  mistakenly  marked  out. 
J>  ^^  Q  y.  Is  this  right? 
^       Broken  letter. 
|—      Move  to  left. 
•-n   Move  to  right. 
L     Push  down  space. 


In  preparing  copy  for  the  printer  the  writer  should  underline; 
One  line,  words  to  be  put  in  italics. 
Two  lines,  words  to  be  put  in  small  caps. 
Three  lines,  words  to  be  put  in  large  caps. 
Wave  lim  ( -^);  words  to  be  put  in  heavy  face  type. 


MANUFACTURING  THE  BOOK  17 


A  CORRECTED  PROOF-SHEET 


jj  Lincoln^  GETTY9BUiiG  Addres|;.  ^cl^-^/O 

A'Ci        Fourscore    and   seven   years    ago    our    fathers     Qj 

I  brought  forth  upon  this  Continent  a  new  nation, 

£  ^  I  conceived  in  JLiberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposi- 

^/  /  tion  that  all  mfn  are  created  equal.  .  Now  we  are    jj 

^  I  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing  whether  that 

tiaP^'O^^I  nation,  or  an5^so  conceived  and  so  dedicated,  can 

/^  long-  endure.     We  Jgre  met  on  a  great  battl|3^^^     ^ I 
of  that  war.    We  are  met  to  dedicate  a  portion  of        / 


We  are  met  to  dedicate  a  portion  of 
it  as  the  last  resting-place  of  those  who  here  gaVe         . 
;/    their  Uv^  that  that  nation  might  live  might  live.        ^ 
pit  is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we  should 
do  thi 


^  But  in  a  larger  sensewe  cannot  dedicate,  we  can^^     y 

'^  not  consecrate,  we  cannot  hallow  this  ground.    The        /   V^^***/ 

/T~  br^ave  men,  living  and  dead,  who  strugled  here         Q^j 

0  ^       J       have  consecrated  it  far  above  oAr  power  to  add  or  '  uf 

^  detract.    The  world  wJU  little  note-  nor  long  re-      Cl 

member  what  we  say  here,  but  it  can  never  forget       ' 
what  they  did  here.    It  is  for  us,  the  Jiving,  rather        X 
fv: f  to  be  1  here]  dedicated! to  the  unfinished  work  that  i 

they    have    thus    far  so  nobly  carried  on/  ^t  is     G  ^  fr  / 
B  ajL^^^^^'^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^  ^®  ^^^^  dedicated  to  the  great  task  €/  "y 

'^'^'^'■'^^"''"^^^maining  before  us/  that  from  these  honored  dead     u  ' 
Z.C'.I        '^ve  take  increased £evotion  to  the  cause  for  which      '       * 
/         they  here  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  'devotiony  j/ 

fi^^         that  we -here  highly  resolv^that  the  dead  shall  not 
have    died    in    vain;    that    the  nation  sjiall, yi^nc" 
JF  thatgovernment^f^he  ^people,  *^y  >^the  •people 

and  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earthy 


18        A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO  McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 

Author's  Corrections. — No  problem  in  the  pubhshing  of  tech- 
nical books  gives  the  publisher  and  the  author  more  trouble  than 
the  question  of  author's  corrections.  The  term  "author's  cor- 
rections "  covers,  technically,  changes  made  in  content,  arrange- 
ment or  typographical  style,  or  additions  to  the  manuscript,  after 
the  type  has  been  set. 

The  pubhsher,  to  protect  himself  against  the  author  who 
practically  rewrites  his  manuscript  after  it  has  been  set  up  in  type, 
usually  provides  in  his  contract  that  corrections  in  excess  of  a 
certain  percentage  of  the  cost  of  composition  shall  be  charged  to 
and  paid  for  by  the  author.  The  printer  makes  a  careful  distinc- 
tion between  printer's  corrections  and  author's  corrections. 
Corrections  marked  in  galley  and  page  proofs  of  a  book  where  the 
printer  has  not  followed  copy  are  printer's  corrections.  Author's 
corrections  are  changes  and  additions  made  in  the  proof.  Obvi- 
ously, where  these  changes  make  a  distinct  improvement  in  the 
text — that  is,  a  better  book — the  publisher  takes  a  sympathetic 
attitude;  but  when  the  item  of  author's  corrections  runs  to  a  total 
of  twenty-five  or  fifty  per  cent  or  more  of  the  cost  of  setting  up 
the  book,  there  is  clear  indication  that  the  author  did  not  com- 
plete his  book  in  the  manuscript  but  in  the  proof. 

For  a  general  rule  it  should  be  kept  in  mind  that  corrections 
in  the  galley  proofs  cost  much  less  than  corrections  in  the  page 
proofs  where  remake-up  of  pages  involving  a  large  expense  may 
result  from  the  addition  of  a  single  line,  or  even  a  few  words. 
But  it  is  most  important  of  all  for  the  author  to  realize  that  every 
correction  made  after  the  manuscript  has  been  set  up  in  type  is 
time-consuming  and  expensive,  and  that  such  delay  and  expense 
are  reduced  to  a  minimum  when  the  author  submits  a  clean,  care- 
fully prepared  manuscript  which  embodies  his  final  judgment  of 
content  and  style. 


WHEN  THE  BOOK  IS  PUBLISHED 

Within  a  short  period  after  the  author  returns  the  proofs  of 
the  index,  the  book  is  ready  for  pubhcation.  The  author's  work 
is  then  practically  done. 

Immediately  upon  the  arrival  of  the  bound  books  from  the 
bindery,  the  publisher  places  the  work  upon  the  market,  copy- 
rights it  in  this  country  and  abroad,  and  undertakes  campaigns 
for  its  distribution. 

This  section  of  the  Suggestions  is  intended  to  show  the  author 
how  he  can  help  in  this  work  and  to  answer  certain  questions 
which  are  asked  constantly. 

Marketing  a  Book. — We  take  pride  in  the  thoroughness  with 
which  we  seek  the  market  for  all  books  bearing  our  imprint.  The 
spirit  of  the  agreement  which  we  make  with  the  author  is  that 
each  book  is  a  separate  business  venture  into  which  we  have 
entered  as  a  partner  of  the  author. 

In  marketing  his  book  the  author  can  be  of  material  assistance 
to  us.  He  knows  the  subject  better  than  we  can  ever  know  it, 
and  he  knows  the  type  of  man  to  which  he  intends  his  book  to 
appeal.  For  these  reasons  we  always  welcome  the  assistance  and 
suggestions  of  the  author.     . 

At  the  time  when  the  author  begins  to  receive  page  proofs 
of  the  book,  we  are  outlining  our  campaign  for  its  distribution. 
At  that  time  we  like  to  receive  from  the  author,  first,  a  brief  but 
exact  definition  of  the  scope  and  purpose  of  the  book.  This 
we  use,  not  for  our  advertising,  but  as  the  basis  of  our  advertising. 
Second,  we  find  distinctly  helpful  a  list  of  points  to  emphasize  in 
our  circular  and  periodical  advertising,  and  for  such  a  list  we 
look  to  the  author.  A  cut-and-dried  table  of  contents  often  fails 
to  give  as  good  a  picture  of  a  book  as  do  a  few  well-selected  points. 

At  the  same  time  the  author's  suggestions  of  special  periodicals 
to  which  copies  should  be  sent  for  review,  and  of  special  lists  which 

19 


20        A  FEW  SUGGESTIONS  TO  McGRAW-HILL  AUTHORS 

may  well  be  circularized,  will  also  be  helpful.  These  we  generally 
know  about,  but  sometimes  we  overlook  obvious  points  of  attack 
in  our  campaigns. 

Corrections  and  Revisions. — In  practically  every  instance  our 
books  are  printed  from  electrotype  plates.  Consequently  the  first 
printings  are  rarely  large,  because  we  are  able  to  produce  further 
copies,  from  our  electrotype  plates,  as  needed. 

Before  a  book  is  reprinted  the  author  is  given  an  opportunity 
to  send  in  corrections  of  typographical  and  other  errors  which  have 
escaped  notice  in  the  earlier  printing  or  printings.  Such  reprints, 
however,  are  not  called  new  editions  nor  is  the  title  page  date  of 
the  book  changed.  We  follow  strictly  the  policy  of  designating 
as  new  editions  only  books  which  have  been  more  or  less  thoroughly 
revised,  and  the  title  page  date  of  one  of  our  books  is  an  indication 
of  the  date  of  the  text — not  of  the  reprint. 

When,  in  the  author's  opinion  or  our  own,  the  text  requires 
revision,  we  discuss  the  details  with  the  author  and  arrange  for  as 
complete  a  revision  as  the  condition  of  the  text  calls  for.  Since 
the  printings  of  our  books  are  rarely  large,  we  are  able  to  arrange 
for  the  production  of  a  new  edition  in  normal  cases  as  soon  as  the 
author  feels  that  it  is  required  and  can  complete  his  portion  of  the 
work. 

Translations. — We  arrange,  where  possible,  for  translations  of 
books  into  foreign  languages,  dividing  the  proceeds  with  the 
author.  The  underlying  theory  of  this  division  is  that,  with  the 
publication  of  a  translation,  both  the  author  and  the  pubhsher 
suffer  from  the  loss  of  sales  of  the  edition  in  English. 

The  foreign  publisher  generally  has  to  pay  to  his  translator 
about  the  royalties  usually  paid  to  an  author,  and  accordingly  the 
amount  which  can  be  charged  to  a  foreign  publisher  for  rights  of 
translation  is,  except  in  rare  cases,  small.  Translations  must  be- 
regarded  as  a  by-product. 

Our  attempts  to  market  books  in  foreign  languages  from  New 
York,  or  from  one  of  our  foreign  agencies,  have  not  been  encourag- 
ing. Accordingly,  the  first  question,  when  we  are  endeavoring  to 
arrange  for  a  translation,  is  for  us  to  find  a  publisher  in  the  country 
selected  who  will  undertake  the  work  of  securing  a  translator  and 
publishing  the  book.  When  a  translator  offers  his  services,  we 
find  it  necessary  to  ask  him  first  to  interest  a  pubhsher  in  his  own 
country  in  the  ventm-e. 


WHEN  THE  BOOK  IS  PUBLISHED  21 

Prompt  Publication. — From  the  standpoint  of  both  the  author 
and  the  publisher  it  is  desirable  that  a  book  should  be  put  on  the 
market  as  soon  as  possible  after  the  manuscript  is  completed. 

From  the  moment  the  publisher  undertakes  to  manufacture 
a  book  he  has  an  investment  which  grows  rapidly  and  yields 
nothing  until  the  sales  of  the  book  begin. 

The  production  of  technical  books  is  delayed,  generally,  by  one 
of  the  following  causes: 

(1)  The  author  wishes  to  submit  his  material  to  his  asso- 
ciates or  to  specialists  in  the  field.  Except  for  pur- 
poses of  proof-reading  such  submission  should  be  made 
in  manuscript. 

(2)  The  author  fails  to  return  his  proofs  and  manuscript 
copy  promptly.  The  prompt  reading  and  return  of 
proofs  is  of  the  greatest  importance. 

(3)  The  copy  for  the  index  does  not  follow  closely  upon  the 
return  of  the  final  batch  of  page  proofs. 

The  printer,  the  engraver,  the  paper  manufacturer,  the  binder 
or  the  pubKsher  may  also  interfere  with  prompt  publication;  but  if 
the  author's  end  of  the  work  is  handled  systematically  and 
promptly,  we  are  generally  able  to  control  the  manufacturing 
details. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  BATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN     INITIAL     FINE     OF     25      CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


N    12  1933 


JUN  191935 


SEP  101935 
FEB   261937 


NOV  26  1937 

APR  10  1939 

^aY    8   1939 
FEB    9   1940 

AUG  18  1842 

War4'49'MM 


MAR 


21 193? 


LD  21-50m-8,-33 


y 


/ 


I 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  LIBRARY 


